Which personnel monitoring systems are commonly used to measure x-ray, gamma ray, and beta radiation?

Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and film badges are widely used for personnel monitoring because they effectively measure ionizing radiation exposure, including x-ray, gamma ray, and beta radiation.

TLDs consist of materials that store energy when they are exposed to radiation. When heated, they release this stored energy in the form of light, the intensity of which can be measured to quantify the radiation dose received. This makes TLDs highly sensitive and suitable for both low and high energy radiation.

Film badges, on the other hand, contain photographic film that darkens in response to radiation exposure. The degree of darkening can be compared against standardized charts to determine the dose. Film badges are relatively simple and cost-effective for monitoring personnel.

Using both TLDs and film badges allows for a comprehensive approach to measuring various types of radiation in different workplace environments, making them the standard choice for personnel monitoring in facilities working with radiation.